State shipping giant COSCO challenges Peruvian regulator to carve out autonomous enclave at Chancay megaport
中资航运巨头中远海运起诉秘鲁监管机构，图谋在钱凯深水港划定自治飞地
- State-owned conglomerate COSCO Shipping filed legal challenges against Peruvian transport authority Ositrán, demanding courts bar state inspectors from regulating tariffs or overseeing operations at the Chancay megaport. 国有航运巨头中远海运对秘鲁国家交通基础设施监管局（Ositrán）提起司法诉讼，要求法院禁止国家监管人员对钱凯巨型港口实施费率监管或业务审查。
- The U.S. State Department revoked the visa of Lima judge Juan Carlos Núñez Matos after he granted an injunction exempting COSCO from sovereign oversight, citing institutional corruption that compromised democratic governance. 利马法官胡安·卡洛斯·努涅斯·马托斯（Juan Carlos Núñez Matos）因签发禁令豁免中远海运接受主权监管，遭美国国务院以损害民主治理的体制性腐败为由吊销赴美签证。
- The legal assault reveals Beijing's strategy of utilizing commercial port investments along the Belt and Road to carve out de facto extraterritorial jurisdiction beyond host-country control. 该法律攻势暴露出北京的一贯策略：利用“一带一路”商业港口投资，在东道国主权管控之外强行撕开事实上的治外法权飞地。
State-owned shipping giant COSCO launched a fierce legal offensive against Peru’s infrastructure transport regulator Ositrán, attempting to strip local authorities of all oversight at the strategic Chancay megaport, Infobae and La República reported. The battle escalated rapidly. The confrontation peaked after the United States revoked the visa of Lima judge Juan Carlos Núñez Matos, who had issued a ruling forbidding Peruvian inspectors from auditing terminal tariffs or safety inside the 3.5-billion-dollar hub. In court, COSCO claimed private capital financing shielded the terminal from sovereign regulation. The maneuver executes an aggressive regulatory enclave carveout on Latin America’s Pacific rim.
This institutional pressure relies on judicial lawfare to hollow out host-nation sovereignty. The pattern is familiar. When Sri Lanka fell behind on loan repayments for the Hambantota port in 2017, Beijing extracted a ninety-nine-year lease and full operational control. At Chancay, COSCO refined that playbook through local courts. Rather than waiting for debt distress, the state conglomerate weaponizes constitutional injunctions and trade treaty arbitration threats to intimidate local regulators and insulate Chinese state enterprises from host-country antitrust rules.
Subverting local institutions reveals how the Belt and Road operates in practice. Beijing demands absolute immunity. While Party officials preach South-South solidarity on state television, state-owned conglomerates treat foreign judicial systems as friction to bypass. Ordinary Chinese citizens foot the bill for these overseas mega-investments through state banks, yet they receive none of the strategic spoils pocketed by state enterprises while enduring fraying domestic social safety nets. When state-owned shipping giants can dismantle sovereign regulatory codes abroad, commercial agreements become instruments of modern vassalage.
据《Infobae》与《共和国报》（La República）报道，中国国有航运巨头中远海运对秘鲁国家交通基础设施监管局（Ositrán）发起猛烈司法诉讼，企图剥夺地方当局对极具战略意义的钱凯巨型港口的一切监管权力。这场博弈迅速升温。利马法官胡安·卡洛斯·努涅斯·马托斯此前下达禁令，禁止秘鲁监管人员核查这座耗资35亿美元的枢纽码头费率与安全标准；随后美国吊销了该法官的签证，使这场对抗达到顶峰。在法庭上，中远海运声称民间资本投资使该码头享有豁免于主权监管的特权。这一行径在拉美太平洋沿岸强行推进了一场激进的规制飞地割据。
这种体制性施压依托司法超限战掏空东道国主权。这一模式并不令人陌生。2017年斯里兰卡汉班托塔港陷入债务违约时，北京借机索取了99年的租期及全面运营控制权。在钱凯港，中远海运利用当地法院对该剧本进行了升级翻新。这家国有巨头无须等待债务危机降临，而是直接将宪法禁令与国际贸易仲裁威胁武器化，恐吓地方监管机构，使中国国有企业彻底规避东道国的反垄断法规制。
颠覆地方体制揭示了“一带一路”在实践中的运作本质：北京要求绝对的免责豁免权。当党政官员在国家电视台上大谈“南南合作”的团结情谊时，国有巨头却将外国司法体制视作必须规避的障碍。中国普通民众通过国有银行给这些海外巨额投资买单，却在承受国内社会保障体系日益破败的同时，享受不到国有企业中饱私囊的任何战略战果。当国有航运巨头能在海外肢解他国的主权监管法典时，所谓的商业协定就蜕变成了现代附属附庸关系的隐秘工具。
Mainland commentators and state media influencers on Weibo framed Chancay as China's crowning commercial bridgehead to South America, cheering COSCO's legal maneuvers as justified resistance against 'corrupt local bureaucracy and American meddling.' On Zhihu, discussions praised COSCO for securing operational autonomy over the terminal, asserting that Beijing must defend Chinese capital investments from foreign regulatory interference. In contrast, independent commercial analysts on WeChat warned that overplaying legal leverage in Peruvian courts risks triggering wider anti-Chinese political backlash across South America and legitimizing regional trade defense alliances.
大陆微博上的时评人与官方媒体账号将钱凯港描绘为中国通往南美洲的战略商业桥头堡，为中远海运的法律操弄叫好，称其为反抗“地方官僚腐败与美国干涉”的合理维权。知乎上的讨论则盛赞中远海运确保了码头的运营自主权，坚称北京必须保护中国资本投资免遭外国监管干预。相比之下，微信上独立的商业分析人士警告称，在秘鲁法院过度滥用法治杠杆，恐将在整个南美洲引发更广泛的排华政治反弹，并促使区域贸易防御联盟走向合法化。
The Cyberspace Administration of China enforced strict content guidance across financial portals and news aggregators, barring domestic media from reporting on the U.S. visa revocations against Judge Núñez Matos or framing COSCO's lawsuits as infringements on Peruvian sovereignty. Coverage on Xinhua and CCTV remained strictly confined to boosterish features celebrating port dredging milestones and projected trans-Pacific cargo volumes. Search filters on Weibo throttled keywords linking COSCO to 'judicial corruption' or 'Ositrán lawsuits,' keeping domestic discourse focused entirely on Belt and Road diplomatic triumphs.
中国国家网信办对各财经门户网站和新闻聚合平台实施了严厉的内容指令，严禁国内媒体报道法官努涅斯·马托斯被美方吊销签证一事，也不得将中远海运的诉讼定性为侵犯秘鲁主权。新华社与央视的报道严格限制在庆祝港口疏浚进展及预测跨太平洋货运量的鼓吹性宣传上。微博搜索过滤了将中远海运与“司法腐败”或“Ositrán诉讼”挂钩的关键词，确保国内舆论完全聚焦于“一带一路”外交胜利。
COSCO Shipping Ports holds a 60 percent controlling stake in the Chancay megaport terminal, an investment exceeding $3.5 billion designed to cut shipping times between South America and China by up to twelve days. The project sparked fierce domestic controversy in early 2024 when Peru's National Port Authority attempted to annul COSCO's thirty-year exclusivity over essential port services, prompting COSCO to threaten $1.3 billion in international arbitration under the bilateral free trade agreement. While Peru's Congress subsequently modified the National Port System Law to grant exclusive private operations, COSCO escalated its legal offensive by seeking complete exemption from regulatory scrutiny by Ositrán.
中远海运港口拥有钱凯巨型港口码头60%的控股权，该项目投资逾35亿美元，旨在将南美与中国之间的航运时间缩短多达12天。2024年初，秘鲁国家港务局（APN）曾试图废除授予中远海运长达30年的基础港口服务排他性专营权，中远海运随即以双边自贸协定为由，扬言提起13亿美元的国际仲裁，在当地引发激烈争议。尽管秘鲁国会随后修改了《国家港口系统法》允许私人码头享有独家运营权，但中远海运进一步升级法律攻势，要求彻底豁免于Ositrán的规制审查。